Description of the Common Pine Vole

Common Name: Common Pine Vole
Scientific Name: Microtus pinetorum

Habitat: The Common Pine Vole is primarily found in eastern and central parts of the United States, particularly in regions with abundant forest cover. It thrives in forests, grasslands, and shrubby areas, where it often constructs extensive burrow systems in well-drained soil. These small mammals are typically associated with pine forests and other coniferous woodlands, making their habitat unique and vital for their survival.

Physical Characteristics: The Common Pine Vole is a small rodent that generally measures about 4 to 6 inches in length, including its short tail. It typically weighs between 1.5 to 3 ounces. The vole has a dense, soft fur coat that ranges in color from brown to grayish-brown, with a lighter underbelly. Its body is relatively stocky, with small ears and a blunt muzzle, making it easily recognizable. Notably, their small size and robust structure aid in their burrowing lifestyle.

Behavior: Common Pine Voles are primarily nocturnal and exhibit a solitary lifestyle, except during the breeding season. They are known for their digging abilities, creating extensive tunnel systems that they use for foraging and nesting. These voles are also known to be territorial, marking their trails with scent. Their burrowing behaviors are essential for aerating the soil and promoting plant growth, which may be a point of interest for ecologists and wildlife enthusiasts alike.

Diet: The diet of the Common Pine Vole consists mainly of herbaceous plant materials, including roots, bulbs, seeds, and the bark of shrubs and smaller trees. They particularly favor the roots of grass and herbaceous plants, making them significant contributors to controlling plant populations in their habitats. Their unique feeding habits contribute to the health of their ecosystems by promoting biodiversity and soil fertility.

Reproduction: The Common Pine Vole breeds throughout the spring and summer months. Females typically give birth to litters ranging from 2 to 6 offspring after a gestation period of approximately 21 days. The young voles are born hairless and blind, becoming independent at about 3 weeks of age. Notably, reproductive rates can influence local population dynamics, and they are capable of producing multiple litters in a favorable season.

Conservation Status: The Common Pine Vole is currently classified as a species of least concern. However, specific populations may face threats from habitat loss and fragmentation due to urban development and agricultural practices. It is essential to monitor their habitats to ensure they remain viable.

Interesting Facts: One fascinating aspect of the Common Pine Vole is its ability to navigate its dark and intricate burrow systems efficiently. Despite their small size, they can excavate extensive networks of tunnels, demonstrating remarkable adaptability and engineering skills. These voles also have a unique social structure, often establishing complex relationships within their territories.

Role in Ecosystem: The Common Pine Vole plays a crucial role in its ecosystem by serving as a food source for various predators, including owls, hawks, and snakes. Additionally, through their feeding and burrowing habits, they contribute to maintaining healthy plant communities and soil structure, ultimately supporting a diverse range of wildlife. Their interactions with other species highlight their importance in the ecological balance of their habitat.