Western Red-backed Vole

Common Name: Western Red-backed Vole
Scientific Name: Clethrionomys californicus

Habitat

The Western Red-backed Vole is primarily found in the moist, forested areas of North America, particularly in regions along the Pacific Coast. Its geographic range extends from British Columbia in Canada to northern California in the United States. This species thrives in environments such as damp coniferous and mixed forests, often near streams, meadows, and wetlands where dense ground cover provides essential shelter.

Physical Characteristics

The Western Red-backed Vole is a small rodent, typically measuring about 9 to 11 inches in length, including its tail. Its distinctive coloration features a reddish-orange stripe that runs along its back, contrasting with its grayish-brown sides and pale underbelly. With a rounded body, short legs, and a small, tufted tail, this species is characterized by its large, prominent eyes and small, rounded ears, making it easily recognizable in its natural habitat.

Behavior

Western Red-backed Voles are primarily nocturnal and are known for their secretive lifestyle. They are adept burrowers and often use existing tunnels created by other animals. These voles can be quite sociable and may live in small groups, engaging in activities such as grooming and huddling together for warmth. Their behavior includes foraging in dense vegetation, which helps them evade predators.

Diet

The Western Red-backed Vole primarily feeds on a herbivorous diet that includes seeds, fruits, nuts, and various plant materials. They are particularly fond of the tender shoots of grasses and herbs. Their feeding habits are critical for seed dispersal, and they often cache food in burrows to sustain themselves during the winter months, showcasing their adaptability in foraging strategies.

Reproduction

Breeding season for the Western Red-backed Vole typically occurs from late spring to early fall. Females give birth to litters of 2 to 7 offspring after a gestation period of about 21 to 24 days. The young are born blind and hairless but grow rapidly, becoming independent within a few weeks. Parental care is often provided by the mother, who protects and nurtures her young until they are ready to venture into the wild.

Conservation Status

The Western Red-backed Vole is currently listed as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List. However, habitat destruction and fragmentation pose potential threats to their populations. Conservation efforts are essential to ensure that their preferred habitats remain viable and intact, as urban development and logging activities continue to impact their natural environments.

Interesting Facts

1. The Western Red-backed Vole is sometimes referred to as the “red-backed mouse” due to its striking coloration.
2. These voles can produce several litters in a single year, making their population growth rapid under favorable conditions.
3. They have been known to travel significant distances through underground tunnels, which helps them avoid ground predators.

Role in Ecosystem

The Western Red-backed Vole plays a vital role in its ecosystem as both prey and seed disperser. Their foraging activities help maintain the health of forest ecosystems by promoting plant diversity, while they serve as a food source for various predators, including owls, hawks, and snakes. By performing these essential functions, they contribute to the balance of their native habitats.