Southern Red-backed Vole ()

Common Name: Southern Red-backed Vole
Scientific Name:

Habitat

The Southern Red-backed Vole primarily inhabits moist forests and meadows throughout parts of North America, particularly in regions stretching from Alaska to northern California and eastward to the Great Lakes. This species can often be found in dense underbrush, alongside streams or creeks where vegetation is abundant, providing essential cover and a suitable environment.

Physical Characteristics

The Southern Red-backed Vole is a small rodent, measuring approximately 6 to 10 inches in total length, including the tail. Its fur is characterized by a distinct reddish-brown back, contrasted by lighter gray sides and an underbelly that is often cream or white. A rounded body shape and small, rounded ears contribute to its unique appearance, making it distinguishable from other voles.

Behavior

This species exhibits primarily nocturnal behavior, making it more active during twilight and night hours. Southern Red-backed Voles are known for their burrowing habits, creating complex tunnel systems in the leaf litter and soil, which provide them shelter and assist in foraging for food. Their social structure is often loosely organized, with individuals seen foraging alone or in small groups.

Diet

The diet of the Southern Red-backed Vole is predominantly herbivorous, consisting mainly of seeds, berries, and roots. They are particularly fond of the green vegetation found in their forested environments, including numerous types of grasses and plants. This adaptability in feeding habits allows them to thrive in various habitats throughout their range.

Reproduction

Southern Red-backed Voles have a relatively high reproductive rate, typically breeding from spring through early fall. Females can give birth to litters ranging from 2 to 7 young after a gestation period of about 20 to 24 days. The newborn voles are born blind and hairless but grow rapidly, reaching independence in a matter of weeks.

Conservation Status

The Southern Red-backed Vole is currently not listed as endangered or threatened, but habitat destruction and changes in forest composition pose potential risks to their populations. Continued monitoring is essential to ensure their conservation and maintain balanced ecosystems.

Interesting Facts

One fascinating aspect of the Southern Red-backed Vole is its ability to effectively manage its territory by creating food caches, storing excess food to ensure survival during leaner times. Their distinctive coloration helps them camouflage within their forest habitats, providing protection from predators.

Role in Ecosystem

As a vital component of their ecosystem, Southern Red-backed Voles play an essential role in seed dispersal and provide a food source for various predators, including owls, hawks, and small mammals. Their burrowing activities also contribute to soil aeration and nutrient cycling, supporting the health of their habitats.