Coastal Cordilleran Rice Rat: A Comprehensive Species Description

Common Name: Coastal Cordilleran Rice Rat
Scientific Name: Oryzomys peninsulae

Habitat

The Coastal Cordilleran Rice Rat is primarily found in the coastal regions of Central America, particularly along the western slopes of the Cordillera mountain range in countries like Costa Rica and Panama. This species typically inhabits dense forests, wetlands, and swampy areas where dense vegetation provides ample shelter and foraging opportunities.

Physical Characteristics

This medium-sized rodent averages about 20-25 cm in body length, with a tail nearly as long as its body. The Coastal Cordilleran Rice Rat features a distinctive fur coloration that ranges from dark brown to gray on its dorsal side, while its underbelly is lighter, often a shade of white or cream. Its prominent ears and large, expressive eyes aid in nocturnal foraging, making it easily recognizable among other rat species.

Behavior

The Coastal Cordilleran Rice Rat is predominantly nocturnal, exhibiting behaviors that include climbing and swimming. These rats are social creatures, often found in groups, engaging in communal grooming and nesting, which provides warmth and enhances group cohesion. Their agility allows them to escape predators in their dense habitat, making them exceptionally adept at avoiding threats.

Diet

As an omnivorous species, the Coastal Cordilleran Rice Rat primarily feeds on seeds, fruits, and aquatic plants. It also consumes insects and small crustaceans, displaying opportunistic feeding habits. This varied diet not only sustains their energy levels but also plays a critical role in their ecosystem as a seed disperser.

Reproduction

Breeding occurs year-round, with peaks typically in the rainy season. The females give birth to litters ranging from 2 to 5 offspring after a gestation period of about 25-30 days. The young are altricial, requiring care and feeding from their mothers until they are capable of independent foraging at around 4-6 weeks of age.

Conservation Status

The Coastal Cordilleran Rice Rat is currently listed as vulnerable due to habitat loss and degradation caused by agricultural expansion and urban development. Conservation efforts are critical to preserving their natural habitats and ensuring the survival of this unique species.

Interesting Facts

One of the most fascinating attributes of the Coastal Cordilleran Rice Rat is its incredible swimming ability. These rodents are often found in marshy areas, using their adept swimming skills to navigate waterways in search of food and escape from predators.

Role in Ecosystem

The Coastal Cordilleran Rice Rat plays a significant role in its ecosystem by aiding in seed dispersal and providing a food source for a range of predators. As herbivores, they help maintain the balance of plant populations within their habitat, showcasing their ecological importance in the diverse ecosystems of Central America.