Liechtenstein’s Pine Vole

Common Name: Liechtenstein’s Pine Vole
Scientific Name:

Habitat

Liechtenstein’s Pine Vole is primarily found in the mountainous regions of Europe, particularly in northeastern Italy and southern Austria. This species thrives in dense forests, especially those with a mix of coniferous and deciduous trees, where it occupies moist, rich soils that support an abundance of plant life. These voles prefer areas with substantial cover, allowing them to burrow safely away from predators.

Physical Characteristics

Liechtenstein’s Pine Vole typically measures 9 to 12 centimeters in length, with a tail short in comparison, about 2 to 4 centimeters. The fur is soft and dense, exhibiting a reddish-brown to dark brown coloration on the upper body while the underbelly is paler, ranging from gray to cream. Its rounded body shape, small eyes, and short, stocky limbs contribute to its distinct appearance, making it a unique member of the Microtus genus.

Behavior

This species is primarily nocturnal, featuring typical behaviors such as foraging under the cover of darkness. Liechtenstein’s Pine Vole exhibits a range of social behaviors, often living in small family groups within their burrows. They are known for their adept digging skills and can create extensive underground tunnel systems. Their territorial nature often leads to established feeding grounds, and they use a combination of vocalizations and scent markings to communicate with each other.

Diet

Liechtenstein’s Pine Vole primarily feeds on a herbivorous diet that includes roots, bulbs, tubers, and various green plants. They are particularly fond of grasses, clover, and dandelions. Their role as primary herbivores in their ecosystem helps in seed dispersal and soil aeration when they dig for food, thus supporting the growth of vegetation.

Reproduction

The reproductive habits of Liechtenstein’s Pine Vole are notable, with a breeding season that typically spans from March to September. Females usually give birth to 3 to 5 young per litter, with a gestation period of about 21 days. Offspring are born blind and hairless but develop quickly, becoming independent within a few weeks. Parental care is shared among group members, adding to the social structure of their colonies.

Conservation Status

Currently, Liechtenstein’s Pine Vole is classified as vulnerable due to habitat loss and fragmentation caused by agricultural expansion and urban development. Conservation efforts are critical to ensure the survival of this species, with a focus on habitat protection and restoration.

Interesting Facts

Liechtenstein’s Pine Vole is known for its exceptional burrowing capabilities, which allow it to create elaborate underground networks that can extend several meters deep. Additionally, this species exhibits a remarkable ability to survive in low temperatures, an adaptation that aids in its survival during harsh winter months.

Role in Ecosystem

Liechtenstein’s Pine Vole plays a significant role in its ecosystem as a key herbivore. By feeding on plants and dispersing seeds through their droppings, they contribute to plant diversity and soil health. Furthermore, they serve as a vital food source for various predators, including birds of prey and small mammals, thus acting as an integral link in the food web.