Bank Vole (Myodes glareolus)

Common Name: Bank Vole
Scientific Name: Myodes glareolus

Habitat

The Bank Vole primarily inhabits deciduous forests, grasslands, and shrubland regions across parts of Europe and Asia. It thrives in moist environments found in woodlands, hedgerows, and even in gardens, showcasing a preference for areas rich in vegetation cover that provide both food and shelter.

Physical Characteristics

Bank Voles are small rodents, typically measuring around 8 to 10 centimeters in body length, with an additional tail length of about 2 to 4 centimeters. They usually weigh between 15 and 40 grams. Their fur is dense and soft, featuring a reddish-brown or greyish hue on the dorsal side and a lighter, cream-colored belly. Bank Voles have short, rounded ears, slightly protruding eyes, and a robust body, making them easily distinguishable in their natural habitats.

Behavior

Bank Voles are primarily nocturnal, showing increased activity during the night. They are known for their burrowing abilities, creating extensive tunnel systems underground. These voles are highly social creatures, often living in colonies and engaging in playful behaviors. Their communication involves a series of squeaks and chirps, especially during mating season.

Diet

The diet of the Bank Vole consists mainly of herbaceous plants, seeds, fruits, and leaves. They are also known to consume fungi and the bark of young trees. Their feeding habits make them important seed dispersers, contributing to the growth of various plant species in their ecosystem.

Reproduction

Bank Voles typically breed from spring to early autumn, with peak breeding occurring in May and June. A female can give birth to 3 to 6 offspring per litter after a gestation period of approximately 21 days. The young are altricial and remain dependent on their mother for several weeks, growing rapidly during this time.

Conservation Status

According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the Bank Vole is currently classified as “Least Concern.” However, habitat loss and fragmentation pose ongoing threats to their populations in certain regions. Conservation efforts focused on preserving natural habitats are essential for maintaining stable populations.

Interesting Facts

• Bank Voles can live up to 18 months in the wild, but many are preyed upon before reaching maturity.
• They have a remarkable sense of smell, which aids in locating food and identifying mates.
• In some regions, Bank Voles exhibit a behavior known as “caching,” where they store food for later consumption.

Role in Ecosystem

The Bank Vole plays a significant role in its ecosystem as both a herbivore and prey species. By feeding on plant material, they help control vegetation growth and facilitate the dispersal of seeds. Additionally, their presence supports a wide range of predators, including birds of prey, foxes, and other small mammals, making them a vital component of the food web.