Common Name: Cyclura cornuta

Scientific Name: Cyclura cornuta

Habitat:

Cyclura cornuta, commonly known as the Ricord’s iguana, is primarily found in the Caribbean, specifically on the islands of Hispaniola and its satellite islands, including the Bahamas. Its preferred habitats include rocky coastal areas, mangrove forests, and dry, scrubby regions that provide both shelter and abundant food sources. This iguana thrives in warm, sunny environments, where it can be found basking on rocks or vegetation during the day.

Physical Characteristics:

Cyclura cornuta is a large lizard, typically measuring between 3 to 4 feet in length, making it one of the larger species of iguanas. Its coloration varies from greenish-gray to dark brown and blends seamlessly with its rocky surroundings. It features a robust, stocky body, a pronounced dewlap, and distinctive spines along its back that can be raised when threatened. The combination of its size, coloration, and unique spiny appearance makes it easily recognizable in its natural habitat.

Behavior:

The behavior of Cyclura cornuta is a fascinating aspect of its biology. These iguanas are diurnal, meaning they are most active during the day, engaging in activities such as basking, foraging, and social interactions. They are known for their territorial nature, often displaying dominance through head bobbing and aggressive postures. Additionally, Cyclura cornuta exhibits a unique defense mechanism; when threatened, they may escape by climbing into trees or boulders, utilizing their strong limbs for adept climbing.

Diet:

Cyclura cornuta is primarily herbivorous, with a diet that consists of a variety of plant materials, including leaves, flowers, fruits, and tender shoots. Common food sources include native plants such as cacti, hibiscus, and various shrubs. Their feeding habits play a significant role in seed dispersal, contributing to ecosystem health. Occasionally, they may consume insects or small animals, but plant matter remains the core of their diet.

Reproduction:

The reproductive habits of Cyclura cornuta are marked by a seasonal breeding cycle, typically occurring during the warmer months. Females generally lay between 10 to 20 eggs in nests dug into sandy or loose soil. After an incubation period of about two to three months, hatchlings emerge, measuring approximately 6 inches in length. Maternal care is limited, with the young iguanas quickly becoming independent and relying on their natural instincts for survival.

Conservation Status:

Cyclura cornuta is currently classified as vulnerable due to habitat loss, invasive species, and hunting pressures. The destruction of their natural habitats for agriculture and urban development significantly impacts their populations. Conservation efforts are underway to protect critical habitats and populations of this unique iguana, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and habitat restoration.

Interesting Facts:

One of the most intriguing aspects of Cyclura cornuta is its ability to change color based on environmental factors and emotional states, a feature often utilized for camouflage. Additionally, this species is known for its remarkable vocalizations, which include growls and hisses, used for communication and to establish territory among males. Such adaptations highlight the unique ecological niche they occupy in their environment.

Role in Ecosystem:

Cyclura cornuta plays a crucial role in its ecosystem as both a herbivore and potential prey for larger predators. By feeding on a variety of plants, these iguanas contribute to plant health and diversity through seed dispersal. Moreover, they serve as a food source for birds of prey and other carnivores, highlighting their importance in the food web of the Caribbean islands. Conservation of Cyclura cornuta is vital to maintaining the ecological balance within its habitat.