Common Name: Ctenosaura macrolopha

Scientific Name: Ctenosaura macrolopha

Habitat:

Ctenosaura macrolopha, commonly known as the spiny-tailed iguana, primarily inhabits the dry forests and scrublands of southeastern Mexico, particularly in the Yucatán Peninsula. This species is often found in rocky areas, including cliff bases and steep slopes, benefiting from both sunlight and shelter. They are also spotted in regions with abundant vegetation, which provides them the necessary cover from predators.

Physical Characteristics:

This robust lizard can reach lengths of up to 60 cm (approximately 24 inches), making it one of the larger species within the genus Ctenosaura. It exhibits a striking coloration that varies from gray to dark brown, often with lighter bands intersecting the body. One of its most distinctive features is its spiny dorsal crest, which runs along its back, providing both a defensive mechanism and a means of regulating body temperature. Their strong limbs are adapted for climbing, making them agile in their arboreal environment.

Behavior:

Ctenosaura macrolopha is known for its diurnal behavior, being active during the day, which is when they forage and bask in the sun. They are social reptiles, often seen basking together in the sun or engaging in territorial displays. These iguanas are proficient climbers, spending time in trees and shrubs, which helps them evade ground predators. During mating season, males exhibit aggressive behavior, including head-bobbing and defensive posturing to establish dominance.

Diet:

The diet of Ctenosaura macrolopha consists primarily of leaves, fruits, and flowers, making it primarily herbivorous. They are known to consume a variety of plant species, including cacti, which contribute to their hydration needs. Occasionally, they may also feed on insects and small invertebrates, particularly during the breeding season when their nutritional needs increase. This varied diet ensures they thrive in their natural habitat, adapting to seasonal changes in food availability.

Reproduction:

Ctenosaura macrolopha typically breeds during the rainy season, which coincides with favorable environmental conditions. Females lay clutches of 4 to 18 eggs, usually in sandy or loose soil to ensure proper incubation. After approximately two months, hatchlings emerge, independent and fully formed, ready to begin their search for food and shelter. Post-hatching, they often remain in the safety of low vegetation to avoid predators until they achieve sufficient size.

Conservation Status:

The current conservation status of Ctenosaura macrolopha is classified as Vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Habitat loss due to agricultural expansion and urban development poses significant threats to their populations. Conservation efforts are being implemented to protect their natural habitats and promote sustainable land use in the regions they inhabit.

Interesting Facts:

One fascinating aspect of Ctenosaura macrolopha is their ability to regenerate their tails after losing them as a defensive mechanism against predators. Additionally, they are particularly known for their unique mating rituals, which include elaborate displays and vocalizations to attract mates during the breeding season. These iguanas have also been observed basking in groups, suggesting social behaviors that are less common in other lizard species.

Role in Ecosystem:

Ctenosaura macrolopha plays a crucial role in its ecosystem as both a herbivore and a prey species. By feeding on various plants, they help in seed dispersal and contribute to plant growth. As a prey item for larger predators such as birds of prey and mammals, they are an integral part of the food web, highlighting their importance in maintaining ecological balance within their native habitat.