Eastern Mole (Scalopus aquaticus)

Common Name: Eastern Mole
Scientific Name: Scalopus aquaticus

Habitat

The Eastern Mole primarily resides in the eastern United States, from southern Maine to northern Florida and westward to Texas and Missouri. It favors moist environments, such as forests, meadows, and gardens, where the soil is soft and easy to burrow. This species thrives in areas with abundant earthworms and insects, often building complex tunnel systems beneath the surface.

Physical Characteristics

Eastern Moles typically measure between 6 to 8 inches (15 to 20 cm) in length, with a velvety coat that can vary from brown to gray. They possess a robust, cylindrical body and short limbs equipped with large, spade-like forefeet that are adapted for digging. Their eyes are small and nearly covered by fur, while their elongated snouts help them forage for food underground.

Behavior

This species is primarily nocturnal and spends most of its life underground. Eastern Moles are expert diggers, capable of moving through up to 200 feet of soil in a single day. They are solitary creatures and are known for their territoriality, marking their burrows with scent. While they are generally elusive, their surface tunnels can often be seen, particularly after heavy rains.

Diet

Eastern Moles are insectivorous, chiefly feeding on earthworms, insect larvae, and grubs. Their diet heavily relies on soil-dwelling invertebrates, and they are known to consume up to 100 grams of food each day. Their keen sense of touch allows them to locate prey in the darkness of their underground environment.

Reproduction

Breeding typically occurs in early spring, and after a gestation period of about 30 days, females give birth to a litter of 2 to 7 young. The offspring are born blind and hairless, relying on their mother for warmth and nourishment. By late summer, they are weaned and ready to disperse to establish their own territories.

Conservation Status

The Eastern Mole is currently classified as a species of “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List. Although they face threats from habitat loss due to urbanization and agricultural practices, their populations remain stable across their range.

Interesting Facts

One fascinating aspect of the Eastern Mole is its ability to dig at an impressive speed, which can exceed 15 feet per hour. Additionally, they have tiny, almost non-functional eyes, leading to their perception as blind, despite having limited eyesight. Their presence is beneficial in controlling insect populations in ecosystems.

Role in Ecosystem

As burrowing creatures, Eastern Moles play a crucial role in aerating the soil and promoting drainage, which enhances plant growth. Their activities help to break down organic matter, enriching the soil and benefiting various plant species. Moreover, they serve as prey for larger animals, establishing an important link in the food chain.